Coherent Radiation Sources

¡
¡ Springer Science & Business Media
ā§Ģ.ā§Ļ
ā§§āϟāĻŋ āϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāω
āχ-āĻŦ⧁āĻ•
235
āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ āĻž
āϰ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ“ āϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāω āϝāĻžāϚāĻžāχ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§ŸāύāĻŋ  āφāϰāĻ“ āϜāĻžāύ⧁āύ

āĻāχ āχ-āĻŦ⧁āϕ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§Ÿā§‡

Energetic electromagnetic radiation finds frequent uses in science (e. g. , for expe riments in nuclear and elementary - particle physics), in technology (for materials testing), and in medicine (for medical X-rays). The most common method of genera ting such radiation is via the process of "bremsstrahlung" (a German term coined by A. Sommerfeld, meaning "braking radiation") in which a beam of electrons is direc ted into matter (e. g. , a metal target), losing energy during its collisions with the atoms and releasing this energy in the form of emitted radiation. The character of such radiation may be drastically changed by the use of a tar get with periodic structure (most commonly, a crystal target). The coherent waves emitted from individual crystal atoms interfere with each other, monochromatizing and polarizing the radiation and often increasing its intensity manifold, thereby creating a powerful radiation source of high quality for purposes of scientific and technical applications. This is true both for the well - established "coherent bremsstrahlung" process in which the interfering radiation is emitted while the electrons cross a succession of crystal planes, as well as for the more recently discovered process of "channeling radiation" (generating radiation of even higher intensity, but lower energy) in which the radiation is emitted while the electrons propagate along a crystal plane, or a crystal axis, in an oscillatory fashion.

āϰ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāϞ⧋āϚāύāĻžāϗ⧁āϞāĻŋ

ā§Ģ.ā§Ļ
ā§§āϟāĻŋ āϰāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāω

āχ-āĻŦ⧁āϕ⧇ āϰ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻĻāĻŋāύ

āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤāĻžāĻŽāϤ āϜāĻžāύāĻžāύāĨ¤

āĻĒāĻ āύ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ

āĻ¸ā§āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟāĻĢā§‹āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧇āϟ
Android āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ iPad/iPhone āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ Google Play āĻŦāχ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒ āχāύāĻ¸ā§āϟāϞ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤ āĻāϟāĻŋ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ…āĻŸā§‹āĻŽā§‡āϟāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ• āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ“ āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ…āύāϞāĻžāχāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻ…āĻĢāϞāĻžāχāύ āϝāĻžāχ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧁āύ āύāĻž āϕ⧇āύ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒ⧜āϤ⧇ āĻĻā§‡ā§ŸāĨ¤
āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāϟāĻĒ āĻ“ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ
Google Play āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āϕ⧇āύāĻž āĻ…āĻĄāĻŋāĻ“āĻŦ⧁āĻ• āφāĻĒāύāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ“ā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāωāϜāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻļ⧁āύāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āύāĨ¤
eReader āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāϏ
Kobo eReaders-āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ e-ink āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāϏ⧇ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāϤ⧇, āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻĄāĻžāωāύāϞ⧋āĻĄ āĻ“ āφāĻĒāύāĻžāϰ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāχāϏ⧇ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻĢāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āϏāĻšāĻžā§ŸāϤāĻž āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻž āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧀ āĻ…āύ⧁āϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϝ⧇āϏāĻŦ eReader-āĻ āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻĒāĻĄāĻŧāĻž āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻĢāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύāĨ¤