Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)
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Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is a slowly progressing (chronic) malignant blood disease where morphologically normal looking B lymphocytes accumulate in the bone marrow, blood and lymphoid tissue (lymph nodes, spleen), leading to leucocytosis, lymphocytosis and, in some cases, to enlarged lymph nodes and/or splenomegaly. The clonal lymphocyte population gradually displaces the normal healthy haematopoiesis in the bone marrow. The subsequent bone marrow failure will lead to anaemia, neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia. The diseased cells exhibit characteristic chromosomal changes, which have formed as a result of acquired mutations. The disease is not hereditary. In chronic monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), blood lymphocytes frequently carry surface antigens typical to CLL, i.e. they have the immunophenotype of CLL, but the number of lymphocytes is only slightly increased (less than 5Β ΓΒ 109/l) and other cell counts are normal. MBL is not considered a malignant condition, but the patient should, however, be monitored (for example, annually) because in some cases MBL may progress to CLL.
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